Kalivas P W
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program, Washington State University, Pullman, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995 Feb;37(2):95-100. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(94)01063-q.
Mesoaccumbens dopamine transmission at least partly mediates the initiation and expression of behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants. The initiation arises from an action by psychostimulants on dopamine cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) while the expression of behavioral sensitization involves enhanced pre- and postsynaptic dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens. Evidence is emerging that excitatory amino acid (EAA) transmission is also involved in behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants. In this report, evidence is presented that the initiation of behavioral sensitization involves stimulation of NMDA receptors in the VTA which may occur via enhanced presynaptic release of EAAs following activation of D1 receptors. It is further posited that EAA transmission in the nucleus accumbens may promote the expression of sensitization by increasing presynaptic dopamine release and modulating the postsynaptic actions of dopamine.
伏隔核多巴胺传递至少部分介导了对精神兴奋剂行为敏化的启动和表达。启动源于精神兴奋剂对腹侧被盖区（VTA）中多巴胺细胞体的作用，而行为敏化的表达涉及伏隔核中突触前和突触后多巴胺传递的增强。越来越多的证据表明，兴奋性氨基酸（EAA）传递也参与了对精神兴奋剂的行为敏化。在本报告中，有证据表明行为敏化的启动涉及VTA中NMDA受体的刺激，这可能通过D1受体激活后EAA的突触前释放增强而发生。进一步推测，伏隔核中的EAA传递可能通过增加突触前多巴胺释放和调节多巴胺的突触后作用来促进敏化的表达。
