McGinty J F
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27858-4354, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995 Feb;37(2):91-4. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(94)01062-p.
Recent evidence has demonstrated that N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) and non-NMDA, excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor antagonists block the motor stimulating, neurotoxic, and rewarding actions of cocaine and the amphetamines. The participants in this symposium discussed evidence that (i) the initiation of stimulant-induced behavioral sensitization involves NMDA receptor stimulation in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), (ii) competitive and non-competitive NMDA antagonists block the dopaminergic neurotoxic actions of methamphetamine, and (iii) NMDA receptor antagonists block cocaine and methamphetamine-induced increases in striatal neurotensin and dynorphin expression. Furthermore, a theoretical framework was proposed in which to interpret dopamine-glutamate interactions based on tonic and phasic dopamine release in the striatum under acute, chronic and withdrawal states of stimulant exposure.
近期证据表明，N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）和非NMDA兴奋性氨基酸（EAA）受体拮抗剂可阻断可卡因和苯丙胺的运动刺激、神经毒性及奖赏作用。本次研讨会的参与者讨论了以下证据：（i）兴奋剂诱导的行为敏化的起始涉及腹侧被盖区（VTA）中的NMDA受体刺激；（ii）竞争性和非竞争性NMDA拮抗剂可阻断甲基苯丙胺的多巴胺能神经毒性作用；（iii）NMDA受体拮抗剂可阻断可卡因和甲基苯丙胺诱导的纹状体神经降压素和强啡肽表达增加。此外，还提出了一个理论框架，用于解释在兴奋剂暴露的急性、慢性和戒断状态下，基于纹状体中紧张性和相位性多巴胺释放的多巴胺-谷氨酸相互作用。
