Murphy N J, Schraer C D, Thiele M C, Boyko E J, Bulkow L R, Doty B J, Lanier A P
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage 99501, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1995 Jun;95(6):676-82. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00184-0.
To investigate frequency of food intake, body weight, and glucose intolerance in Alaska Natives.
Height, weight, and random blood glucose levels were measured and a frequency-of-food-intake questionnaire was obtained. This questionnaire classified persons as consumers of indigenous foods or nonindigenous foods within three food groups. Those with a random blood glucose measurement > or = 6.72 mmol/L received an oral glucose tolerance test.
Community screening in 15 villages in Alaska.
Nutrition screenings were done for 1,124 Alaska Native residents aged 20 years or older. An oral glucose tolerance test was done for 202 subjects.
Subjects were classified as consumers of indigenous or nonindigenous foods within three food groups. A diagnosis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was made on the basis of World Health Organization criteria. A determination of overweight was made on the basis of National Center for Health Statistics criteria.
A chi 2 test with Yates correction, t test, and linear regression, with two-sided P values.
Athabascan Indians had twice the rate of NIDDM as Yup'ik Eskimos with significantly higher frequency of nonindigenous food intake, plus lower frequency of indigenous carbohydrate and fat intake. Subjects < or = 30 years old consumed significantly more nonindigenous protein and fat and low-nutrient-density carbohydrates than those > or = 60 years old. Persons who had glucose intolerance reported significantly greater consumption of nonindigenous protein and less seal oil. Incidence of overweight was significantly higher than was found 25 years ago. Participants with glucose intolerance were significantly more overweight than others.
A pattern of increased frequency of nonindigenous protein, low-nutrient-density carbohydrate, and fat intake with less indigenous carbohydrate and fat consumption was found in subjects < or = 30 years old and in association with the higher rate of NIDDM found in the Athabascan Indians. Persons with glucose intolerance were significantly more overweight than others.
Although the nutritional value of indigenous foods for reducing disease risk should be promoted, nutrition education, especially among young adults, should also include building skills to select and prepare nonindigenous foods to attain a healthful diet. Although snacking is a concern, dietary fat was the most significant factor in obesity and NIDDM.
调查阿拉斯加原住民的食物摄入频率、体重和葡萄糖耐量情况。
测量身高、体重和随机血糖水平，并获取食物摄入频率问卷。该问卷将人群分为三个食物组中的本土食物消费者或非本土食物消费者。随机血糖测量值≥6.72 mmol/L的人接受口服葡萄糖耐量试验。
阿拉斯加15个村庄的社区筛查。
对1124名20岁及以上的阿拉斯加原住民居民进行营养筛查。对202名受试者进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验。
受试者被分为三个食物组中的本土或非本土食物消费者。根据世界卫生组织标准诊断非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（NIDDM）。根据国家卫生统计中心标准确定超重情况。
采用Yates校正的卡方检验、t检验和线性回归，双侧P值。
阿萨巴斯卡印第安人的NIDDM发病率是尤皮克爱斯基摩人的两倍，非本土食物摄入频率显著更高，本土碳水化合物和脂肪摄入频率更低。30岁及以下的受试者比60岁及以上的受试者摄入的非本土蛋白质、脂肪和低营养密度碳水化合物明显更多。葡萄糖耐量异常者报告的非本土蛋白质摄入量明显更多，海豹油摄入量更少。超重发生率明显高于25年前。葡萄糖耐量异常的参与者比其他人明显更超重。
在30岁及以下的受试者中发现了非本土蛋白质、低营养密度碳水化合物和脂肪摄入频率增加，本土碳水化合物和脂肪消费减少的模式，这与阿萨巴斯卡印第安人较高的NIDDM发病率有关。葡萄糖耐量异常者比其他人明显更超重。
虽然应推广本土食物对降低疾病风险的营养价值，但营养教育，尤其是在年轻人中，还应包括培养选择和准备非本土食物以实现健康饮食的技能。虽然零食是一个问题，但膳食脂肪是肥胖和NIDDM的最重要因素。
