Smith E D
National Catholic School of Social Service, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
Soc Work. 1995 May;40(3):402-13.
Many traditional Western psychologists fail to recognize spirituality and transcendental needs as intrinsic aspects of human nature and therefore may not be meeting the needs of terminally ill people or those in the process of confronting their own mortality. This article presents a model of transpersonal intervention appropriate for use by social work clinicians with anyone who is in the process of confronting his or her own mortality. It is based on the underlying assumptions that an individual has a level of transpersonal development with its related dimensions of spiritual awareness and personal death perspective and that the degree of interrelatedness of these two dimensions has a direct impact on the psychosocial distress he or she experiences when confronted with death.
许多传统的西方心理学家未能认识到灵性和超验需求是人性的内在方面，因此可能无法满足绝症患者或那些正在面对自身死亡过程的人的需求。本文提出了一种超个人干预模式，适合社会工作临床医生用于任何正在面对自身死亡过程的人。它基于这样的基本假设：个体具有一定水平的超个人发展，及其相关的灵性意识维度和个人死亡观维度，并且这两个维度的相互关联程度直接影响其在面对死亡时所经历的心理社会困扰。
