Vandamme E J
Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, University of Gent, Belgium.
J Biotechnol. 1994 Sep 30;37(2):89-108. doi: 10.1016/0168-1656(94)90001-9.
An ever-increasing number of fine chemicals and enzymes is now produced based on microbial biotechnology. Microbial products generally display desired chirality, are biodegradable and are produced from renewable (agro)-substrates. Bioconversion reactions, based on the use of (immobilised) biocatalysts (cell or enzymes), yield interesting regio- and enantioselective molecules under mild reaction conditions, starting from racemic precursors. Furthermore these bioprocesses have a positive environmental impact. Ingenious screening procedures for novel microbial primary and secondary metabolites, bioactive peptides, proteins and enzymes reveal that only the tip of the iceberg has been explored. Examples of such novel microbial products pertain to enzymes, enzyme-inhibitors, biopolysaccharides, bio-plastics, bioactive peptides, bacteriocins, targeted toxins, alkaloids, steroids, immunomodulators, vaccines, antibiotics and lantibiotics, biopesticides, vitamins and related growth factors, amino acids and specialty sugars, polyols and organic acids, biomagnets, bioflavours and biopigments. Several trends are discussed which are now in vogue to detect novel useful compounds from microbes. Examples are given of those microbial metabolites and enzymes, which have attracted industrial interest.
如今，基于微生物生物技术生产的精细化学品和酶的数量不断增加。微生物产品通常具有所需的手性，可生物降解，且由可再生（农业）底物生产。基于（固定化）生物催化剂（细胞或酶）的生物转化反应，在温和的反应条件下，从外消旋前体开始，可生成有趣的区域选择性和对映选择性分子。此外，这些生物过程对环境有积极影响。对新型微生物初级和次级代谢产物、生物活性肽、蛋白质和酶的巧妙筛选程序表明，我们只探索了冰山一角。此类新型微生物产品的例子包括酶、酶抑制剂、生物多糖、生物塑料、生物活性肽、细菌素、靶向毒素、生物碱、类固醇、免疫调节剂、疫苗、抗生素和羊毛硫抗生素、生物农药、维生素和相关生长因子、氨基酸和特种糖、多元醇和有机酸、生物磁体、生物香料和生物色素。讨论了目前流行的几种从微生物中检测新型有用化合物的趋势。给出了那些引起工业界兴趣的微生物代谢产物和酶的例子。
