Maloney S A, Jarvis W R
Investigation and Prevention Branch, Hospital Infections Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Clin Chest Med. 1995 Mar;16(1):209-23.
The changing and expanding spectrum of pathogens associated with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) will require modification in our approach to both endemic and epidemic NP in the ICU. Knowledge of specific pathogens, modes of transmission, and sources or reservoirs of epidemic NP is crucial to the recognition, control, and prevention of these infections in ICU patients. This article reviews the epidemiology of nosocomial NP outbreaks and outlines guidelines for investigating suspected epidemics of NP within the ICU. Preventive strategies including appropriate surveillance for recognizing epidemic clusters, adherence to barrier isolation precautions, proper disinfection and sterilization of respiratory care equipment, and judicious use of antimicrobial agents are also discussed.
与医院获得性肺炎（NP）相关的病原体谱不断变化且不断扩大，这将要求我们调整在重症监护病房（ICU）应对地方性和流行性NP的方法。了解特定病原体、传播方式以及流行性NP的来源或宿主，对于识别、控制和预防ICU患者的这些感染至关重要。本文回顾了医院获得性NP暴发的流行病学，并概述了在ICU内调查疑似NP流行的指南。还讨论了预防策略，包括对识别流行集群进行适当监测、遵守屏障隔离预防措施、对呼吸护理设备进行适当消毒和灭菌，以及合理使用抗菌药物。
