Richardson A J
Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminister Medical School, London, UK.
Int J Psychophysiol. 1994 Dec;18(3):251-63. doi: 10.1016/0167-8760(94)90011-6.
In an earlier study, adult dyslexia was found to be strongly associated with positive schizotypal traits, and particularly with unusual perceptual experiences. However, recent evidence suggests that the structure of psychosis-proneness in normals may involve three or four distinct yet related dimensions. Therefore a further study was conducted, using a wider range of measures, to explore associations between dyslexia and these different syndromes of psychosis-proneness. Relationships with handedness were also investigated. If three syndromes of psychosis-proneness were delineated, broadly corresponding to "Active", "Withdrawn" and "Schneiderian/Unreality" syndromes of schizophrenia, dyslexics showed elevations on both positive syndromes (Active and Unreality), but not on the negative, Withdrawn syndrome. With a four-factor model only one dimension, perceptual/cognitive anomalies, distinguished dyslexics from controls. These findings confirm an association between dyslexia and positive, but not negative, schizotypal traits. Mixed-handedness was strongly associated with dyslexia, and in controls with those measures of psychosis-proneness involving unusual perceptual experiences. This suggests that reduced lateralization may be a feature common to both dyslexia and the Unreality syndrome of schizotypy, which may help to account for the strong relationship between them.
在一项早期研究中，发现成人诵读困难与阳性分裂型特质密切相关，尤其是与异常的感知体验有关。然而，最近的证据表明，正常人的精神病易感性结构可能涉及三个或四个不同但相关的维度。因此，进行了一项进一步的研究，采用了更广泛的测量方法，以探索诵读困难与这些不同的精神病易感性综合征之间的关联。还研究了与利手的关系。如果确定了三种精神病易感性综合征，大致对应于精神分裂症的“活跃型”、“退缩型”和“施奈德型/非现实型”综合征，诵读困难者在两种阳性综合征（活跃型和非现实型）上表现出升高，但在阴性的退缩型综合征上没有。在四因素模型中，只有一个维度，即感知/认知异常，将诵读困难者与对照组区分开来。这些发现证实了诵读困难与阳性而非阴性分裂型特质之间的关联。混合利手与诵读困难密切相关，在对照组中，与那些涉及异常感知体验的精神病易感性测量指标也密切相关。这表明，大脑半球偏侧化减弱可能是诵读困难和分裂型特质的非现实型综合征共有的一个特征，这可能有助于解释它们之间的密切关系。
