Larson T, Bechtel L
Department of Pediatrics, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno 89557-0046, USA.
Prim Care. 1995 Mar;22(1):23-50.
Care of the HIV-infected/exposed infant and child is both routine and challenging. Routine well child care and immunizations are an important part of maintaining and monitoring health status. Challenges arise in the management of acute illnesses and the numerous crises that are experienced by the family caring for that child. Therapy guidelines now provide a logical way in which to initiate antiretroviral treatment and PCP prophylaxis. In HIV-infected children with early disease, common pathogens initially predominate, and only in advanced immune suppression does care become complicated enough to require expert consultation. With increasing numbers of HIV-infected women, perinatally acquired infections in infants will become more common. Early testing and identification will increasingly be important as a way to impact on the significant morbidity and mortality seen in infants less than 6 months old. A caring, compassionate, and comprehensive approach to the care of HIV-infected infants and children results in increased survival and lengthening of disease-free time. Providing this vitally needed care is both satisfying and stimulating.
对感染艾滋病毒/接触过艾滋病毒的婴幼儿的护理既常规又具挑战性。常规的儿童健康护理和免疫接种是维持和监测健康状况的重要组成部分。在处理急性疾病以及照顾该儿童的家庭所经历的众多危机时会出现挑战。治疗指南现在提供了一种启动抗逆转录病毒治疗和预防卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的合理方法。在疾病早期的艾滋病毒感染儿童中，常见病原体最初占主导地位，只有在严重免疫抑制时，护理才会变得复杂到需要专家会诊。随着感染艾滋病毒的女性数量增加，婴儿围产期获得性感染将变得更加常见。早期检测和识别作为一种影响6个月以下婴儿显著发病率和死亡率的方式将变得越来越重要。对感染艾滋病毒的婴幼儿采取关爱、富有同情心和全面的护理方法可提高生存率并延长无病时间。提供这种急需的护理既令人满意又能带来激励。
