Halbach S
Institute of Toxicology, GSF-Research Center for Environment and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
J Dent Res. 1995 Apr;74(4):1103-9. doi: 10.1177/00220345950740041101.
Amalgam fillings constitute, after food, the main source of exposure to mercury for the general population. Banning amalgam would incur huge costs for additional dental treatment. An evaluation of potential health risks must be based on the mercury dose released from fillings. In this study, dose is estimated by a new procedure of mercury speciation which elutes the released elemental and inorganic mercury with solvents of differing polarity. We tested the procedure by incubating spherical amalgam pellets in a mixture of light paraffin oil and saline (0.9% NaCl). Release of mercury into paraffin and saline was linear in relation to both amalgam surface area and exposure time. Measurements with this method were then extended to a group of 21 amalgam-bearing volunteers. The absorbed dose averaged 4.8 micrograms/day compared with 3.7 measured conventionally in intra-oral air from the same persons. With both methods, the dose was significantly correlated to the number of amalgam-covered tooth surfaces. This dose, combined with the nearly equal mercury uptake from food, is far below the acceptable daily intake limit.
除食物外，汞合金填充物是普通人群接触汞的主要来源。禁止使用汞合金将导致额外牙科治疗产生巨额费用。对潜在健康风险的评估必须基于填充物释放的汞剂量。在本研究中，通过一种新的汞形态分析程序来估算剂量，该程序用不同极性的溶剂洗脱释放出的元素汞和无机汞。我们通过将球形汞合金颗粒在轻质石蜡油和盐水（0.9%氯化钠）的混合物中孵育来测试该程序。汞向石蜡和盐水中的释放与汞合金表面积和暴露时间均呈线性关系。然后，用这种方法对一组21名有汞合金填充物的志愿者进行了测量。吸收剂量平均为每天4.8微克，而同一人群口腔内空气中按传统方法测得的剂量为3.7微克。两种方法测得的剂量均与汞合金覆盖的牙齿表面数量显著相关。该剂量加上从食物中摄取的几乎等量的汞，远低于可接受的每日摄入量限值。
