Festinger D S, Lamb R J, Kountz M R, Kirby K C, Marlowe D
Medical College of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Division of Addiction Research and Treatment, Hahnemann University, Philadelphia 19102-1192, USA.
Addict Behav. 1995 Jan-Feb;20(1):111-5. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(94)00052-z.
Utilizing a retrospective analysis we examined factors correlated with preintake dropout in patients phoning to make intake appointments for cocaine treatment. Inquiries of 235 individuals calling our outpatient cocaine treatment program over a 7-month period were analyzed for relationships between patient age and gender; residence in the city where the program is located; marital status; referral source; reported problems with alcohol, marijuana, and heroin; reported last use of cocaine or other illicit stimulants; assigned counselor gender; person who made the appointment; days to the intake appointment; and attending the scheduled intake session. Only days to appointment was significantly (Wald = 12.4587, df = 1, p < .05 and chi 2 = 17.7, df = 8, p < .05) correlated with attending the scheduled intake session. Appointments scheduled the same day differed significantly (chi 2 = 4.3, n = 235, df = 1, p < .05) from appointments scheduled later. This suggests that client and situational variables are not significantly related to initial attendance and enhances the significance of systemic variables that are under a clinic's control, such as appointment delay. The results indicate that the longer the delay between the initial phone contact and the scheduled appointment, the less likely a client is to attend an appointment. Further, they suggest that the greatest decrease in initial attendance occurs in the first 24 hours following the phone inquiry. Taking a "microscopic" look at the appointment delay variable is valuable in understanding and addressing preintake dropout.
我们采用回顾性分析方法，研究了致电预约可卡因治疗入院的患者中与入院前退出相关的因素。对在7个月期间致电我们门诊可卡因治疗项目的235个人进行了调查，分析患者年龄与性别、项目所在城市的居住情况、婚姻状况、转诊来源、报告的酒精、大麻和海洛因问题、报告的最后一次使用可卡因或其他非法兴奋剂的情况、指定的咨询师性别、预约者、距入院预约的天数以及是否参加预定的入院环节之间的关系。只有距预约的天数与参加预定的入院环节显著相关（Wald = 12.4587，自由度 = 1，p <.05；卡方 = 17.7，自由度 = 8，p <.05）。当天预约与之后预约的情况有显著差异（卡方 = 4.3，n = 235，自由度 = 1，p <.05）。这表明客户和情境变量与首次就诊没有显著关系，而增强了诊所可控的系统变量（如预约延迟）的重要性。结果表明，从首次电话联系到预定预约之间的延迟越长，客户参加预约的可能性就越小。此外，结果表明首次就诊率的最大降幅发生在电话咨询后的头24小时内。从“微观”角度审视预约延迟变量，对于理解和解决入院前退出问题很有价值。
