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医疗服务应何去何从:地方当局与国民医疗服务体系之争?

Where should health services go: local authorities versus the NHS?

作者信息

Pollock A M

机构信息

Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Medical School, London.

出版信息

BMJ. 1995 Jun 17;310(6994):1580-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.310.6994.1580.

Abstract

The Association of Metropolitan Authorities has recently proposed that responsibility for the NHS should pass from health authorities to local authorities. One of the fiercest debates at the outset of the NHS was whether the hospitals should be run by local authorities. In the end the minister for health, Aneurin Bevan, decided against local democracy and in favour of a national health service. His arguments included the fact that equality of treatment could not be guaranteed if facilities varied with local finances and that even the largest authorities were not big enough to pool risks and expertise. All these arguments still apply today, and the recent changes in community care provide an insight into how a market model of local authority control might work. The changes have been accompanied by a shift from public to private sector provision and the introduction of charges for services that the NHS once provided free. As important, the willingness and ability of local authorities to raise extra revenue from local taxes and charges affect the service they can provide, so leading to inequalities of provision. Local authorities have yet to make the case that they can preserve the fundamental principles and benefits of the NHS, including its reliance on central taxation and unified funding formulas.

摘要

大城市当局协会最近提议,国民医疗服务体系(NHS)的责任应由卫生当局转至地方当局。NHS成立之初最激烈的争论之一是医院是否应由地方当局管理。最终,卫生部长安奈林·贝文决定反对地方自治,支持建立国家医疗服务体系。他的理由包括,如果医疗设施因地方财政状况而异,就无法保证治疗的平等性,而且即使是最大的当局也没有足够的规模来集中风险和专业知识。所有这些理由如今仍然适用,最近社区护理方面的变化让我们得以洞察地方当局控制的市场模式可能如何运作。这些变化伴随着从公共部门提供服务向私营部门提供服务的转变,以及对NHS曾经免费提供的服务开始收费。同样重要的是,地方当局通过地方税收和收费筹集额外收入的意愿和能力会影响它们所能提供的服务,从而导致服务提供的不平等。地方当局尚未证明他们能够保留NHS的基本原则和益处,包括其对中央税收和统一资金分配公式的依赖。

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