Bouska I
Ustav soudního lékarství 2. LF UK, Praha.
Cas Lek Cesk. 1995 May 31;134(11):344-6.
Abuse and/or neglect of children can lead not only to serious health damage but in extreme cases to death. A lethal outcome in the abused child is an incomplete group of seriously damaged children; it, however, makes possible not only numerical comparison but also assessment of trends. The objective of the present work was an analysis of deaths of children who died in conjunction with the use of force in the family.
The author analyzed a group of 75 children, 47 boys (63%) and 28 girls (37%) aged less than five years: it covers the period of 25 years (1964-1988) and administrative area of the capital of Prague and former Central Bohemian region with a total number of 2 million population. Newborn babies killed by the mother during delivery or immediately after delivery (63 subjects) were not included in the group. According to analysis by age the following number of deaths was recorded in different groups: 0-1 year 45 deaths (60%), 1-2 years 13, 2-3 years 11, 3-4 years similarly as 4-5 years 3 deaths each. The ratio of boys:girls was 47:28. The most frequent cause of death were head injuries (31-41%), followed by suffocation 15x, injury of abdominal organs 6x, intoxications (4x, incl. 3x carbon monoxide), multiple injuries 4x, injuries of thoracic organis 3x, starvation 2x, hypothermia 2x, thermal damage 1x. The findings on necropsy are not useful only for assessing the cause of death, the mechanism of damage and the time when the damage was inflicted but the spectrum of types of damage can help clinical and social workers in the prevention of the battered child syndrome.
Child abuse and neglect in families can lead not only to serious health damage but it can be also fatal. In an area with a population of 2 millions in the course of 1964-1988 75 deaths of children aged less than five years were recorded (ratio: 2.5:1 million per year). Mechanical injuries predominate (89%) in particular head injuries (41%).
虐待和/或忽视儿童不仅会导致严重的健康损害，在极端情况下还会导致死亡。受虐儿童中的致命案例是严重受损儿童群体中的一部分；然而，这不仅使得进行数量比较成为可能，还能对趋势进行评估。本研究的目的是分析在家庭中因暴力导致死亡的儿童情况。
作者分析了一组75名不满五岁的儿童，其中47名男孩（63%），28名女孩（37%）：涵盖了25年（1964 - 1988年）期间布拉格首都及前中波希米亚地区行政区，该地区总人口为200万。在分娩期间或分娩后立即被母亲杀害的新生儿（63例）未纳入该组。根据年龄分析，不同组记录的死亡人数如下：0 - 1岁45例死亡（60%），1 - 2岁13例，2 - 3岁11例，3 - 4岁与4 - 5岁均为3例死亡。男孩与女孩的比例为47:28。最常见的死亡原因是头部受伤（31% - 41%），其次是窒息15例、腹部器官损伤6例、中毒（4例，包括3例一氧化碳中毒）、多处受伤4例、胸部器官损伤3例、饥饿2例、体温过低2例、热损伤1例。尸检结果不仅有助于评估死亡原因、损伤机制和损伤发生时间，损伤类型的范围还能帮助临床和社会工作者预防受虐儿童综合征。
家庭中的儿童虐待和忽视不仅会导致严重的健康损害，还可能是致命的。在1964 - 1988年期间，在一个有200万人口的地区记录了75例不满五岁儿童的死亡（比例：每年2.5例/100万）。机械性损伤占主导（89%），尤其是头部受伤（41%）。
