Cortez V L, Bugental D B
Department of Psychology, California State University, Turlock 95382, USA.
Child Dev. 1995 Jun;66(3):687-96.
Young children (aged 5 and 6) watched videotaped fairy tales that acted to prime child control versus adult control over frightening events. Subsequently, they watched an ambiguous videotape of a child having a medical exam; tapes were varied for presence or absence of fear cues (facial expressions shown by actors). We predicted that children primed for child control versus adult control would show information-processing error patterns that paralleled those previously found for children who were dispositionally high or low in perceived control. As expected, children primed for child control showed processing enhancement whereas those primed for adult control showed processing deficits after witnessing fear cues. Attentional disengagement was found to mediate processing errors. Perceived control--dispositional or temporary--was interpreted as an important organizer of attention to and processing of potentially threatening events.
年幼的儿童（5岁和6岁）观看了录像带中的童话故事，这些故事旨在引发儿童对可怕事件的控制感与成人对可怕事件的控制感。随后，他们观看了一段关于一个孩子进行医学检查的模糊录像带；录像带根据是否存在恐惧线索（演员表现出的面部表情）而有所不同。我们预测，被引发儿童控制感而非成人控制感的儿童会表现出与先前在感知控制方面性格上高或低的儿童所发现的信息处理错误模式相似的模式。正如预期的那样，被引发儿童控制感的儿童在目睹恐惧线索后表现出加工增强，而被引发成人控制感的儿童则表现出加工缺陷。注意力脱离被发现介导了加工错误。感知控制——性格上的或暂时的——被解释为对潜在威胁事件的注意力和加工的重要组织者。
