Bugental D B, Cortez V L
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106.
Child Dev. 1988 Jun;59(3):686-93.
80 undergraduate women, pretested on the Parent Attribution Test (PAT), watched videotapes of responsive and unresponsive children in anticipation of subsequent interaction with them. Physiological measures (heart rate, skin temperature, and skin conductance) were monitored as subjects viewed videotapes and during a postinterview. Subjects who perceived caregiving failure as uncontrollable (on the PAT) were significantly more reactive to variations in child responsiveness than were those who perceived failure as controllable. The highest level of arousal (elevated heart rate and skin conductance) was manifested by "low-control" women anticipating interaction with unresponsive children. The increased arousal level shown in reaction to unresponsive children was accompanied by decreased skin temperature--suggesting the presence of fear or anxiety. Results were interpreted as indicating the importance of social cognitions as moderators of caregiver response to child behavior.
80名本科女生在接受父母归因测试（PAT）预测试后，观看了有反应和无反应儿童的录像带，为随后与他们互动做准备。在受试者观看录像带期间以及采访后，对其生理指标（心率、皮肤温度和皮肤电传导）进行了监测。那些认为养育失败不可控（在PAT测试中）的受试者，比那些认为失败可控的受试者，对儿童反应性的变化反应更为强烈。“低控制感”的女性在预期与无反应儿童互动时，表现出最高水平的唤醒（心率加快和皮肤电传导增强）。对无反应儿童做出反应时，唤醒水平的提高伴随着皮肤温度的降低——这表明存在恐惧或焦虑。研究结果被解释为表明社会认知作为照顾者对儿童行为反应的调节因素的重要性。
