Watkins T R, Lenz P H, Siderits R, Struck M, Bierenbaum M L
K.L. Jordan Heart Foundation and Research Center, Montclair, New Jersey, USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1995 Apr;14(2):176-83. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1995.10718491.
A degenerative cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been observed among mustard oil (MUST) users in China who eat 150 ml/week. Though the condition may be a selenium (Se) deficiency, MUST, rich in erucic acid (22:1), may bear a cardiotoxic or pro-oxidant substrate(s). The purpose of this feeding study was to compare the effects of feeding MUST, high erucic acid rape seed oil (HEAR), low erucic acid rape seed oil (LEAR) and corn oil, with or without Se addenda, on serum cholesterol, triglycerides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), alpha-tocopherol, platelet aggregation and hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSHPXase). Heart muscle pathology was evaluated.
Eighty male, weanling Wistar rats were divided into four dietary groups and fed AIN76A diet for 8 weeks with one of four oils: 1) MUST, 2) HEAR, 3) LEAR, or CORN oil. Half of each group received 0.43 mg/kg Se supplement. A purified diet was fed for 8 weeks.
Neither Se nor oil type affected growth, though serum Se rose with dietary Se addendum (p < 0.01), and hepatic GSHPXase rose for each oil (p < 0.01). Se deprivation led to elevated serum cholesterol, except for the CORN oil group (p < 0.01). Only with LEAR did HDL cholesterol decrease. Serum triglycerides decreased with MUST and LEAR feedings (p < 0.05). In Se deficiency, HEAR led to elevated TBARS (p < 0.01), though not MUST, which contained twice as much alpha-tocopherol. Though supplementary Se protected the HEAR-fed animals from secondary peroxidation as TBARS (p < 0.01), the MUST group was not so protected. Ration Se also spared serum alpha-tocopherol for each diet group except the MUST/Se group (p < 0.05). MUST oil feeding resulted in increased platelet aggregation; MUST and HEAR resulted in increased platelet ATP release compared with CORN oil.
Oxidative mechanisms may be involved in the DCM involving both Se limitation and pro-oxidant stress related to the usual intake of MUST. Human studies have been undertaken to test this thesis.
在中国，每周食用150毫升芥菜籽油（MUST）的人群中观察到一种退行性心肌病（DCM）。尽管这种情况可能是由于硒（Se）缺乏，但富含芥酸（22:1）的MUST可能含有心脏毒性或促氧化底物。本喂养研究的目的是比较喂食MUST、高芥酸菜籽油（HEAR）、低芥酸菜籽油（LEAR）和玉米油（添加或不添加Se）对血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质（TBARS）、α-生育酚、血小板聚集和肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSHPXase）的影响。对心肌病理学进行了评估。
将80只雄性断乳Wistar大鼠分为四个饮食组，用AIN76A饮食喂养8周，分别喂食四种油中的一种：1）MUST，2）HEAR，3）LEAR，或玉米油。每组一半大鼠接受0.43毫克/千克的Se补充剂。喂食纯化饮食8周。
Se和油的类型均不影响生长，尽管血清Se随饮食中Se补充剂的增加而升高（p < 0.01），并且每种油喂养后肝脏GSHPXase均升高（p < 0.01）。除玉米油组外，缺Se导致血清胆固醇升高（p < 0.01）。仅LEAR组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低。喂食MUST和LEAR后血清甘油三酯降低（p < 0.05）。在缺Se情况下，HEAR导致TBARS升高（p < 0.01），但MUST未导致升高，MUST中的α-生育酚含量是HEAR的两倍。尽管补充Se可保护喂食HEAR的动物免受继发性过氧化，使TBARS降低（p < 0.01），但MUST组未得到如此保护。日粮中的Se也使每个饮食组的血清α-生育酚得以保留，但MUST/Se组除外（p < 0.05）。喂食MUST油导致血小板聚集增加；与玉米油相比，MUST和HEAR导致血小板ATP释放增加。
氧化机制可能参与了与Se缺乏以及与通常摄入MUST相关的促氧化应激有关的DCM。已开展人体研究来验证这一论点。
