Lauridsen C, Højsgaard S, Sørensen M T
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum.
J Anim Sci. 1999 Apr;77(4):906-16. doi: 10.2527/1999.774906x.
We investigated the effects of dietary copper and vitamin E in diets containing 6% rapeseed oil on the performance and the antioxidative and oxidative status of growing pigs. The 10 dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (9 mg of vitamin E/kg feed, 15 mg of Cu/kg feed), the basal diet + 6% rapeseed oil (Diet 1; 18 mg of vitamin E/kg feed, 15 mg of Cu/kg feed), and Diet 1 plus supplements of vitamin E (0, 100, and 200 mg of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg feed) and copper (0, 35, and 175 mg of Cu/ kg feed) in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Eight or nine pigs were given ad libitum access to each diet from 25 to 100 kg of live weight. The inclusion of rapeseed oil tended (P < .10) to improve ADG and feed utilization. Compared with the addition of 35 mg of Cu/kg, the addition of 175 mg/kg improved growth rate and increased feed intake early in the experiment, but, over the total experiment, neither 35 nor 175 mg of Cu/kg affected performance. Compared with the addition of 100 mg of vitamin E/kg or no addition, the addition of 200 mg/kg reduced ADG over the total experiment (P = .05). The antioxidative and oxidative status of the pigs was evaluated in terms of blood and liver concentrations of antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, vitamin A, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), prooxidants (Cu), concentrations of lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol), fatty acid composition, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and clinical chemical (creatine kinase and glutamate-oxaloacetate-transaminase) and hematological variables that indicate the level of oxidative stress. There were no vitamin E deficiency signs or increased oxidative stress in pigs fed low dietary vitamin E levels, and no prooxidative effect of Cu was found. Increasing dietary levels of vitamin E increased the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in plasma and liver. Supplementation with Cu increased liver concentrations of Cu and alphatocopherol. The progression in liver TBARS was reduced by the addition of vitamin E and Cu. The addition of rapeseed oil changed the fatty acid composition of liver, increased alpha-tocopherol concentration in plasma and Cu concentration in liver, and reduced the rate of lipid oxidation in liver. In conclusion, even though the effects were minor, vitamin E, Cu, and rapeseed oil improved the antioxidative status of the live pigs.
我们研究了日粮中铜和维生素E对含6%菜籽油日粮中生长猪生产性能、抗氧化和氧化状态的影响。10种日粮处理包括基础日粮（9毫克维生素E/千克饲料，15毫克铜/千克饲料）、基础日粮+6%菜籽油（日粮1；18毫克维生素E/千克饲料，15毫克铜/千克饲料），以及日粮1分别添加维生素E（0、100和200毫克dl-α-生育酚醋酸酯/千克饲料）和铜（0、35和175毫克铜/千克饲料），采用3×3析因处理设计。8或9头猪从体重25千克长到100千克期间自由采食各日粮。添加菜籽油有提高平均日增重（ADG）和饲料利用率的趋势（P<0.10）。与添加35毫克铜/千克相比，添加175毫克/千克在试验前期提高了生长速度并增加了采食量，但在整个试验期，35毫克/千克和175毫克/千克的铜添加量均未影响生产性能。与添加100毫克维生素E/千克或不添加相比，添加200毫克/千克在整个试验期降低了ADG（P = 0.05）。根据血液和肝脏中抗氧化剂（α-生育酚、抗坏血酸、维生素A、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）、促氧化剂（铜）的浓度、脂质（甘油三酯和胆固醇）浓度、脂肪酸组成、硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质（TBARS）以及指示氧化应激水平的临床化学指标（肌酸激酶和谷草转氨酶）和血液学变量评估猪的抗氧化和氧化状态。采食低日粮维生素E水平的猪未出现维生素E缺乏迹象或氧化应激增加，也未发现铜的促氧化作用。提高日粮维生素E水平可增加血浆和肝脏中α-生育酚的浓度。添加铜可增加肝脏中铜和α-生育酚的浓度。添加维生素E和铜可降低肝脏中TBARS的增加幅度。添加菜籽油改变了肝脏脂肪酸组成，增加了血浆中α-生育酚浓度和肝脏中铜浓度，并降低了肝脏脂质氧化速率。总之，尽管影响较小，但维生素E、铜和菜籽油改善了生长猪的抗氧化状态。
