Lavie N
Medical Research Council-Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1995 Jun;21(3):451-68. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.21.3.451.
The early and late selection debate may be resolved if perceptual load of relevant information determines the selective processing of irrelevant information. This hypothesis was tested in 3 studies; all used a variation of the response competition paradigm to measure irrelevant processing when load in the relevant processing was varied. Perceptual load was manipulated by relevant display set size or by different processing requirements for identical displays. These included the requirement to process conjunctions versus isolated features and the requirement to perform simple detection of a character's presence versus difficult identification of its size and position. Distractors' interference was found only under low-load conditions. Because the distractor was usually clearly distinct from the target, it is concluded that physical separation is not a sufficient condition for selective perception; overloading perception is also required. This allows a compromise between early and late selection views and resolves apparent discrepancies in previous work.
如果相关信息的知觉负载决定了无关信息的选择性加工，那么早期和晚期选择之争或许就能得到解决。该假设在三项研究中得到了验证；所有研究都采用了反应竞争范式的变体，以测量当相关加工中的负载发生变化时的无关加工情况。知觉负载通过相关显示集大小或对相同显示的不同加工要求来进行操纵。这些要求包括加工组合特征与孤立特征的要求，以及执行简单的字符存在检测与困难的字符大小和位置识别的要求。干扰项的干扰仅在低负载条件下被发现。由于干扰项通常与目标明显不同，因此可以得出结论，物理分离不是选择性知觉的充分条件；还需要使知觉过载。这使得早期和晚期选择观点之间达成了一种折衷，并解决了先前研究中明显的差异。
