Angst J, Preisig M
Research Departement, Psychiatrie University Hospital Zürich.
Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr (1985). 1995;146(1):17-23.
In a prospective study, 186 unipolar depressives and 220 cases of bipolar disorder meeting DSM-III criteria for major depression or mania were followed up. Subjects were classified according to polarity and the presence or absence of schizophrenic symptoms, into four diagnostic subgroups: unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, unipolar schizoaffective disorder and bipolar schizoaffective disorder. At the last follow-up in 1985, 53% of the patients had deceased. Eleven percent of the sample (17% of all deaths) had committed suicide. The risk of suicide was associated with clinical severity and onset prior to the age of 60. However, there was no difference in suicide rates according to sex or diagnostic subgroup. Late onset of affective illness was associated with chronicity, which occurred in 10 to 19% of cases. Recovery was more frequent among unipolar than among bipolar patients. The 5-year remission rates (i.e. 26% in unipolars, 16% in bipolars) were independent of the number of episodes.
在一项前瞻性研究中，对186例符合DSM-III单相抑郁症标准以及220例符合双相情感障碍中重度抑郁或躁狂标准的患者进行了随访。根据极性以及是否存在精神分裂症症状，将研究对象分为四个诊断亚组：单相抑郁症、双相情感障碍、单相分裂情感性障碍和双相分裂情感性障碍。在1985年的最后一次随访时，53%的患者已经死亡。样本中有11%（占所有死亡人数的17%）自杀。自杀风险与临床严重程度以及60岁之前发病有关。然而，根据性别或诊断亚组划分，自杀率并无差异。情感障碍的晚发与慢性病程相关，慢性病程在10%至19%的病例中出现。单相患者比双相患者康复更为常见。5年缓解率（即单相患者为26%，双相患者为16%）与发作次数无关。
