Hunley T E, Iwasaki S, Homma T, Kon V
Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2584, USA.
Pediatr Nephrol. 1995 Apr;9(2):235-44. doi: 10.1007/BF00860758.
The role of the endothelium is now known to encompass the generation of many potent cytokines which impact endothelial cells, adjacent tissue such as smooth muscle cells, and distant sites in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manner, respectively. This review addresses two of these cytokines, nitric oxide and endothelin, and describes how each effects the functions of endothelial cells, including regulation of platelet aggregation and coagulation, regulation of vasomotor tone, modulation of inflammation, and the regulation of cellular proliferation. The emphasis is on the increasingly recognized importance of the autocrine and paracrine mechanisms by which nitric oxide and endothelin act. In particular, autoinduction of endothelin is proposed as a central mechanism underlying endothelin's renowned effects. Additionally, specific nitric oxide/endothelin interactions are discussed by which each cytokine modulates the production and actions of the other. The net effect observed in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological settings, therefore, reflects a balance of these opposing functions.
现在已知内皮的作用包括产生许多强效细胞因子，这些细胞因子分别以自分泌、旁分泌和内分泌的方式影响内皮细胞、相邻组织（如平滑肌细胞）以及远处部位。本综述探讨其中两种细胞因子，一氧化氮和内皮素，并描述它们各自如何影响内皮细胞的功能，包括血小板聚集和凝血的调节、血管舒缩张力的调节、炎症的调节以及细胞增殖的调节。重点在于一氧化氮和内皮素发挥作用的自分泌和旁分泌机制日益受到认可的重要性。特别是，内皮素的自诱导被认为是内皮素著名效应的核心机制。此外，还讨论了每种细胞因子调节另一种细胞因子产生和作用的特定一氧化氮/内皮素相互作用。因此，在各种生理和病理生理环境中观察到的净效应反映了这些相反功能之间的平衡。
