Richardson J T, Chan R C
Department of Human Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK.
Memory. 1995 Jun;3(2):187-200. doi: 10.1080/09658219508258965.
A number of different instruments have been devised for investigating individual differences in memory on the basis of subjective reports. One such questionnaire was mailed to individuals on a register of patients with multiple sclerosis, a condition that is known to be associated with objective impairments in cognition and memory. A similar questionnaire was enclosed to be completed about each patient by a close relative. The patients' and relatives' responses were found to share a factor structure identifying memory problems in five areas: receptive communication, route finding, absent-mindedness, face recognition, and expressive communication. These were dominated by a single second-order factor representing a global subjective memory impairment. There were some minor differences between the patients and relatives in their factor scores, but there was generally a high degree of concordance in their responses.
人们设计了许多不同的工具，用于根据主观报告来研究记忆方面的个体差异。其中一份这样的问卷被邮寄给了多发性硬化症患者登记册上的个体，多发性硬化症是一种已知与认知和记忆方面的客观损伤有关的疾病。还附上了一份类似的问卷，由近亲为每位患者填写。研究发现，患者和亲属的回答具有相同的因素结构，可识别出五个方面的记忆问题：接受性沟通、寻路、心不在焉、面部识别和表达性沟通。这些问题由一个单一的二阶因素主导，该因素代表整体主观记忆损伤。患者和亲属在因素得分上存在一些细微差异，但他们的回答总体上高度一致。
