Sonis J, Crane T
Department of Family Practice, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA.
Fam Med. 1995 Apr;27(4):242-8.
The role of family physicians in the protection of human rights is unclear. The purpose of this article is to explore this role through examination of the specific case of former Yugoslavia.
In January/February 1993, we investigated medical aspects of human rights abuses as part of a fact-finding mission for the Physicians for Human Rights organization. We used primarily qualitative methods, including direct observation, key informant interviews, focus groups, and key document review.
We observed pervasive violations of medical neutrality, as indicated by the shelling of Kosevo Hospital, the major tertiary care hospital in Sarajevo. Forty-one percent of former prison camp detainees from north Bosnia housed at the Karlovac, Croatia, refugee camp had scars consistent with physical abuse. Civilians in north central Bosnia and Sarajevo were targeted through physical violence, artillery shelling, and strangulation of the public health infrastructure--food, water, electricity, heat, and medical supplies.
Physicians can be uniquely useful in the investigation of human rights. The flexibility of family physicians and their attention to the biopsycosocial aspects of health can be especially useful. Family physicians should become actively involved in the protection of human rights.
家庭医生在人权保护中的作用尚不明确。本文旨在通过对前南斯拉夫的具体案例进行研究，探讨这一作用。
1993年1月/2月，作为人权医生组织实况调查团的一部分，我们对侵犯人权行为的医学方面进行了调查。我们主要采用定性方法，包括直接观察、关键信息人访谈、焦点小组讨论和关键文件审查。
我们观察到对医疗中立性的普遍侵犯，如萨拉热窝主要的三级护理医院科舍沃医院遭到炮击。被关押在克罗地亚卡尔洛瓦茨难民营的来自波斯尼亚北部的前战俘营被拘留者中，41%有与身体虐待相符的伤疤。波斯尼亚中北部和萨拉热窝的平民成为身体暴力、炮击以及对公共卫生基础设施（食品、水、电、暖气和医疗用品）进行破坏的目标。
医生在人权调查中可能具有独特的作用。家庭医生的灵活性及其对健康的生物心理社会方面的关注可能特别有用。家庭医生应积极参与人权保护。
