日托中心的室内过敏原水平。

Indoor allergen levels in day nurseries.

作者信息

de Andrade A D, Charpin D, Birnbaum J, Lanteaume A, Chapman M, Vervloet D

机构信息

Département des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Marseilles, France.

出版信息

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995 Jun;95(6):1158-63. doi: 10.1016/s0091-6749(95)70071-4.

DOI:10.1016/s0091-6749(95)70071-4

PMID:7797783

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Because allergic sensitization seems to occur especially during infancy, we decided to evaluate such an exposure in day nurseries.

METHODS

Thirty day nurseries in Marseilles, which were selected at random, were visited during 2 weeks in April 1993. Routine cleaning includes daily cleaning of smooth floors, weekly laundering of sheets, and monthly cleaning of soft toys. Mattresses are encased in synthetic covers. Dust samples were collected from four settings: infants' mattresses and pillows, smooth floors, and soft toys. Levels of mite, cockroach, cat, and dog allergens were analyzed with a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA.

RESULTS

Mite allergen levels were lower than the proposed threshold level for sensitization (2 micrograms/gm of dust) on 94% of mattresses and soft toys and on 100% of floors and pillows. Cat allergen levels in mattresses ranged from less than 0.1 to 4.5 micrograms/gm dust. On floors, cat allergen levels ranged from less than 0.1 to 2.4 micrograms/gm dust. Only 10% of pillows and soft toys had levels greater than 2 micrograms/gm of dust. Fel d I levels were significantly higher (p < 0.03) in mattresses from nurseries with curtains and were correlated with the percentage of children with a cat at home. In almost all day nurseries, cockroach allergen (Bla g I and Bla g II) levels were very low. Only three samples from mattresses had dog allergen levels greater than 2 micrograms of Can f I allergen per gram of dust. On floors the level was always lower than 2 micrograms/gm.

CONCLUSIONS

These data clearly show that indoor allergen levels are much lower in day nurseries than in most houses. Most samples contain allergen levels below threshold levels for sensitization. Thus children of atopic parents are less likely to become sensitized to indoor allergens in day nurseries than in their own homes. In addition, this study emphasizes the efficacy of avoidance measures such as use of synthetic protective mattress covers, frequent washing of sheets and soft toys, and avoidance of carpets and curtains.

摘要

背景

由于过敏致敏似乎尤其在婴儿期发生，我们决定评估日托中心的此类暴露情况。

方法

1993年4月的两周内，对马赛随机选取的30家日托中心进行了走访。日常清洁包括每日清洁光滑地面、每周清洗床单以及每月清洁软玩具。床垫套有合成罩。从四个场所采集灰尘样本：婴儿床垫和枕头、光滑地面以及软玩具。使用基于单克隆抗体的酶联免疫吸附测定法分析螨虫、蟑螂、猫和狗过敏原的水平。

结果

94%的床垫和软玩具以及100%的地面和枕头的螨虫过敏原水平低于致敏提议阈值水平（每克灰尘2微克）。床垫中的猫过敏原水平在每克灰尘低于0.1至4.5微克之间。地面上的猫过敏原水平在每克灰尘低于0.1至2.4微克之间。只有10%的枕头和软玩具有的水平高于每克灰尘2微克。有窗帘的日托中心床垫中的猫毛蛋白水平显著更高（p<0.03），并且与家中养猫儿童的比例相关。在几乎所有日托中心，蟑螂过敏原（德国小蠊I和德国小蠊II）水平非常低。只有三个床垫样本的狗过敏原水平高于每克灰尘2微克的犬小孢子菌I过敏原。地面上的水平始终低于每克灰尘2微克。