Shapiro C M, Devins G M, Feldman B, Levitt A J
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
J Psychosom Res. 1994;38 Suppl 1:49-54. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(94)90135-x.
We examined hypersomnolence as experienced among individuals meeting standardized diagnostic criteria for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Data were available from 115 individuals attending a mood disorders clinic specializing in treatment of this disorder. Three modes of assessment were employed: retrospective self-reports (Seasonal Patterns Assessment Questionnaire), cross-sectional interviews (Standardized Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Scale, SAD Version), and prospective sleep diaries. Results indicated that self-reported total hours of sleep varied significantly across the seasons, with longest sleep occurring in winter and shortest sleep in summer. Seasonal sleep changes, as indicated by the SPAQ did not correlate significantly, however, with severity of depressive symptoms as indicated by the Hamilton scale. Multiple regression analyses indicated that only social activity levels (one of seven SPAQ items) was significantly and uniquely related to the severity of depression. When data obtained by the three instruments were compared, self-reported hours of sleep (whether measured by SPAQ or Hamilton interview) were significantly higher than indicated by prospective sleep diaries. We conclude that hypersomnolence may not be a central feature of SAD and that the validity of the SPAQ as an index of this disorder requires further investigation.
我们研究了符合季节性情感障碍（SAD）标准化诊断标准的个体所经历的嗜睡情况。数据来自115名前往专门治疗该疾病的情绪障碍诊所就诊的个体。采用了三种评估方式：回顾性自我报告（季节性模式评估问卷）、横断面访谈（汉密尔顿抑郁量表SAD版标准化访谈指南）和前瞻性睡眠日记。结果表明，自我报告的总睡眠时间在不同季节有显著差异，最长的睡眠时间出现在冬季，最短的睡眠时间出现在夏季。然而，季节性模式评估问卷（SPAQ）所表明的季节性睡眠变化与汉密尔顿量表所表明的抑郁症状严重程度并无显著相关性。多元回归分析表明，只有社交活动水平（SPAQ七个项目之一）与抑郁严重程度显著且唯一相关。当比较三种工具获得的数据时，自我报告的睡眠时间（无论是通过SPAQ还是汉密尔顿访谈测量）显著高于前瞻性睡眠日记所表明的时间。我们得出结论，嗜睡可能不是SAD的核心特征，并且SPAQ作为该疾病指标的有效性需要进一步研究。
