Anderson J L, Rosen L N, Mendelson W B, Jacobsen F M, Skwerer R G, Joseph-Vanderpool J R, Duncan C C, Wehr T A, Rosenthal N E
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
J Psychosom Res. 1994 May;38(4):323-37. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(94)90037-x.
Disturbances of sleep are a hallmark of seasonal affective disorders (SAD), as they are of other mood disorders. Fall/winter SAD patients most often report hypersomnia. Among responses of 293 SAD patients on a symptom questionnaire, complaints of winter hypersomnia (80%) greatly exceeded insomnia (10%), hypersomnia plus insomnia (5%), or no sleep difficulty (5%). Increased sleep length in fall/winter is not unique to SAD. Among 1571 individuals across four latitudes surveyed at random from the general population, winter sleep increases of < or = 2 hr/day relative to summer were reported by nearly half. However, hypersomnia had a low correlation (r = 0.29) with the total number of other SAD symptoms that were reported in this sample. Ten SAD patients kept daily sleep logs across 1 yr that showed increases in fall and winter (sleeping most in October; least in May) whose maximum averaged 2.7 hr per day more weekend sleep than in spring and summer. These winter increases might have been somewhat attenuated since most received light therapy during part of the winter. Nocturnal EEG recordings of depressed SAD patients in winter showed decreased sleep efficiency, decreased delta sleep percentage, and increased REM density (but normal REM latency) in comparison with recordings: (1) from themselves in summer; (2) from themselves after > or = 9 days of light therapy; or (3) from age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Thus, the extent of fall/winter oversleeping recorded by our SAD patients did not differ dramatically from that reported by the general population, but sleep complaints of our SAD patients have been accompanied by features of sleep architecture that are different from healthy controls and are reversed by summer or by bright-light therapy.
睡眠障碍是季节性情感障碍（SAD）的一个标志，其他情绪障碍也如此。秋冬型SAD患者最常报告的是嗜睡。在293名SAD患者对症状问卷的回答中，冬季嗜睡的主诉（80%）大大超过失眠（10%）、嗜睡加失眠（5%）或无睡眠困难（5%）。秋冬季节睡眠时间增加并非SAD所特有。在从普通人群中随机抽取的四个纬度的1571个人中，近一半的人报告说，相对于夏季，冬季睡眠时间每天增加≤2小时。然而，嗜睡与该样本中报告的其他SAD症状总数的相关性较低（r = 0.29）。10名SAD患者记录了1年的每日睡眠日志，显示秋冬季节睡眠时间增加（10月睡得最多；5月睡得最少），与春夏季节相比，周末睡眠时间平均每天最多增加2.7小时。由于大多数患者在冬季部分时间接受了光照治疗，这些冬季增加的睡眠时间可能有所减少。与以下记录相比，冬季抑郁的SAD患者的夜间脑电图记录显示睡眠效率降低、慢波睡眠百分比降低和快速眼动睡眠密度增加（但快速眼动睡眠潜伏期正常）：（1）他们自己夏季的记录；（2）他们自己接受≥9天光照治疗后的记录；或（3）年龄和性别匹配的健康对照者的记录。因此，我们的SAD患者记录的秋冬过度睡眠程度与普通人群报告的程度没有显著差异，但我们的SAD患者的睡眠主诉伴随着与健康对照者不同的睡眠结构特征，并且在夏季或强光治疗后会逆转。
