May J D, Lott B D
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, South Central Poultry Research Laboratory, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762.
Poult Sci. 1994 Sep;73(9):1398-403. doi: 10.3382/ps.0731398.
The objective of this research was to determine the effects of daily cycles of light intensity and temperature on anticipatory feeding by broilers. Broilers were maintained on litter in environmental chambers with feed provided for 12 h/d. Feed consumption was recorded by computer every 30 min and summarized for 2- and 24-h periods. In Trial 1, lighting was at 16 lx for 12 h and at 94 lx for 12 h each day. Feed was provided either during the 16- or 94-lx period. Broilers consumed more feed at the onset of feeding and at the end of the feeding period than at other times in both treatments. In Trials 2 and 3, the chamber temperature was cycled such that a 12-h feeding period was provided at either 32 or 16 C. Broilers consumed more feed at the onset of feeding than at other times but did not increase consumption at the end of the feeding period. The results indicate anticipatory feeding is enabled by cyclic lighting intensity but not by cyclic temperature. In Trial 4, the light intensity and temperature were cyclic. Feed was provided during high light intensity and at maximum temperatures. Feed consumption increased when temperature was declining, indicating broilers responded to the reduced temperature. The results show that a period of darkness is not required for anticipatory feeding and that environmental temperatures and lighting typical of curtain-sided broiler houses alter feed consumption patterns.
本研究的目的是确定光照强度和温度的每日循环对肉鸡预期采食的影响。将肉鸡饲养在环境舱的垫料上，每天提供12小时的饲料。计算机每30分钟记录一次采食量，并汇总2小时和24小时期间的采食量。在试验1中，每天光照12小时为16勒克斯，另外12小时为94勒克斯。饲料在16勒克斯或94勒克斯期间提供。在两种处理中，肉鸡在采食开始时和采食期结束时的采食量均高于其他时间。在试验2和试验3中，使舱内温度循环变化，以便在32℃或16℃提供12小时的采食期。肉鸡在采食开始时的采食量高于其他时间，但在采食期结束时采食量并未增加。结果表明，预期采食是由光照强度循环引起的，而不是由温度循环引起的。在试验4中，光照强度和温度是循环变化的。在高光强度和最高温度期间提供饲料。当温度下降时采食量增加，表明肉鸡对温度降低有反应。结果表明，预期采食不需要黑暗期，并且帘式肉鸡舍典型的环境温度和光照会改变采食量模式。
