May J D, Branton S L, Deaton J W, Simmons J D
US Department of Agriculture, South Central Poultry Research Laboratory, Mississippi State 39762.
Poult Sci. 1988 Jan;67(1):64-71. doi: 10.3382/ps.0670064.
Carcass contamination from contents of the digestive tract during processing is a recurring problem for the broiler industry. Environment and feeding regimen are often implicated as causative factors. The effects of environmental temperature and meal feeding on passage of feed through the digestive tract of broilers were examined. Broilers were reared in environmental chambers in five experiments. In the first experiment, environmental temperatures were constant temperatures of 16 and 27 C and cycles of 16-24-16 and 24-35-24 C and rate of passage of feed through the digestive tract (ROP) was determined with ferric oxide. Temperature did not consistently affect ROP. In the other four experiments, various environmental temperatures were investigated and broilers were fed continuously or for 12 or 16 h/day. Contents of the crop, proventriculus plus gizzard, and small intestine were weighed 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after feeding withdrawal. Environmental temperature did not directly affect the movement of digesta but the feeding regimen affected the quantity of digesta in some segments of the tract. Environmental temperature may have indirectly affected the quantity of feed in the crop by affecting the quantity of feed consumed. Limiting the feeding period resulted in retention of digesta in the crop of some broilers for an extended period. This increased the variability in quantity of crop contents. A feeding regimen X temperature interaction resulted in increased small intestine weight for meal-fed broilers at 16 C.
在加工过程中，消化道内容物对禽肉胴体的污染是肉鸡行业反复出现的问题。环境和饲养方式常被认为是致病因素。研究了环境温度和分餐饲喂对饲料在肉鸡消化道中通过情况的影响。在五个实验中，肉鸡饲养在环境舱内。在第一个实验中，环境温度为16℃和27℃的恒温以及16 - 24 - 16℃和24 - 35 - 24℃的循环，并使用三氧化二铁测定饲料在消化道中的通过速率（ROP）。温度并未始终如一地影响ROP。在其他四个实验中，研究了各种环境温度，肉鸡持续饲喂或每天饲喂12或16小时。在停止喂食后2、4、6和8小时，对嗉囊、腺胃加肌胃以及小肠的内容物进行称重。环境温度并未直接影响食糜的移动，但饲养方式影响了消化道某些部位的食糜量。环境温度可能通过影响采食量间接影响嗉囊中饲料的量。限制饲喂期导致一些肉鸡的嗉囊中食糜停留时间延长。这增加了嗉囊内容物量的变异性。饲养方式与温度的相互作用导致在16℃下分餐饲喂的肉鸡小肠重量增加。
