Reshetnikova O S, Burton G J, Milovanov A P
Department of Pathologic Anatomy, Lugansk Medical Institute, Ukraine.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Dec;171(6):1560-5. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(94)90402-2.
Our purpose was to determine whether the human placenta is able to adapt structurally to hypobaric hypoxia so as to increase its diffusing capacity.
Material from 10 normal term placentas collected at each of three altitudinal levels in Kirghizstan was analyzed stereologically. Data were compared by one-way analysis of variance.
Within the overall sample group birth weight and placental weight remained constant. There were no differences in villous and capillary surface areas or capillary length, but capillary volume increased from 37.9 cm3 in controls (700 m) to 50.8 cm3 at high altitude (2200 to 2800 m). The harmonic mean thickness fell from 6.9 microns in controls to 4.8 microns at high altitude. Consequently, the morphometric diffusing capacity of the villous membrane for oxygen increased from 4.22 to 7.56 cm3.min-1.mm Hg-1 (F = 6.45, p < 0.05).
The placenta is capable of adapting to hypobaric hypoxia to increase its functional capacity for gaseous exchange. This is principally through a reduction in the thickness of the villous membrane.
我们的目的是确定人类胎盘是否能够在结构上适应低压缺氧，从而提高其扩散能力。
对在吉尔吉斯斯坦三个海拔高度采集的10个足月正常胎盘的材料进行了体视学分析。数据通过单因素方差分析进行比较。
在整个样本组中，出生体重和胎盘重量保持恒定。绒毛和毛细血管表面积或毛细血管长度没有差异，但毛细血管体积从对照组（700米）的37.9立方厘米增加到高海拔（2200至2800米）的50.8立方厘米。调和平均厚度从对照组的6.9微米降至高海拔的4.8微米。因此，绒毛膜对氧气的形态学扩散能力从4.22增加到7.56立方厘米·分钟⁻¹·毫米汞柱⁻¹（F = 6.45，p < 0.05）。
胎盘能够适应低压缺氧，以增加其气体交换的功能能力。这主要是通过绒毛膜厚度的降低来实现的。
