Barbujani G, Pilastro A, De Domenico S, Renfrew C
Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche, Università di Bologna, Italy.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1994 Oct;95(2):137-54. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330950203.
The hypothesis that both genetic and linguistic similarities among Eurasian and North African populations are due to demic diffusion of neolithic farmers is tested against a wide database of allele frequencies. Demic diffusion of farming and languages from the Near East should have determined clines in areas defined by linguistic criteria; the alternative hypothesis of cultural transmission does not predict clines. Spatial autocorrelation analysis shows significant gradients in three of the four linguistic families supposedly affected by neolithic demic diffusion; the Afroasiatic family is the exception. Many such gradients are not observed when populations are jointly analyzed, regardless of linguistic classification. This is incompatible with the hypothesis that major cultural transformations in Eurasia (diffusion of related languages and spread of agriculture) took place without major demographic changes. The model of demic diffusion seems therefore to provide a mechanism explaining coevolution of linguistic and biological traits in much of the Old World. Archaeological, linguistic, and genetic evidence agree in suggesting a multidirectional process of gene flow from the Near East in the neolithic. However, the possibility should be envisaged that some allele frequency patterns can predate the neolithic and depend on the initial spread of Homo sapiens sapiens from Africa into Eurasia.
关于欧亚和北非人群之间的遗传和语言相似性是新石器时代农民人口扩散所致这一假说，已通过一个庞大的等位基因频率数据库进行了验证。来自近东地区的农业和语言的人口扩散应该在由语言标准界定的区域内形成渐变群；文化传播的另一种假说则无法预测渐变群。空间自相关分析表明，在四个据推测受新石器时代人口扩散影响的语系中，有三个呈现出显著的梯度变化；亚非语系是个例外。当对人群进行联合分析时，无论语言分类如何，许多这样的梯度变化都未被观察到。这与欧亚大陆主要文化变革（相关语言的扩散和农业的传播）在没有重大人口变化的情况下发生这一假说不相容。因此，人口扩散模型似乎提供了一种机制，能够解释旧世界大部分地区语言和生物特征的共同进化。考古、语言和遗传证据都表明，新石器时代存在从近东地区多方向的基因流动过程。然而，应该考虑到这样一种可能性，即某些等位基因频率模式可能早于新石器时代，并且取决于智人从非洲最初扩散到欧亚大陆的情况。
