Shamsuddin A M, Tyner G T, Yang G Y
Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201.
Cancer Res. 1995 Jan 1;55(1):149-52.
The simple carbohydrate tumor marker D-galactose-beta-[1-->3]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (Gal-GalNAc) can be easily identified by a sequential galactose oxidase (GO)-Schiff reaction either on tissues or on rectal mucus samples from patients with colorectal cancer. To check the usefulness of this marker and technology in identifying cancers and precancers of other organs, we have assessed the differential expression of Gal-GalNAc in various adenocarcinomas and their corresponding normal tissues. The expression of Gal-GalNAc determined by GO-Schiff sequence was examined in a total of 133 tissue samples from 81 cases of the adenocarcinomas of the breast, ovary, pancreas, stomach, and endometrium and 52 cases of respective normal controls. None of the 52 cases of normal tissues (except 15 cases of stomach) showed expression of Gal-GalNAc. In contrast, 100% of adenocarcinomas from the breast (19 of 19), ovary (15 of 15), and pancreas (6 of 6), 94.1% of stomach (16 of 17) cancers, and 91.7% (11 of 12) of uterine adenocarcinomas expressed Gal-GalNAc. The expression of Gal-GalNAc in cancerous tissues was mostly strong and widespread and was distributed in both secreted mucin and cytoplasmic mucin droplets. The normal epithelia and their secretions in the vicinity of the carcinoma (within the "field") in the breast, bronchus, endometrium, and pancreatic duct also expressed Gal-GalNAc in contrast to normal tissues obtained from noncancerous individuals, which were totally nonreactive. It is concluded that the tumor marker Gal-GalNAc recognized by GO-Schiff sequence was highly expressed not only by a variety of adenocarcinomas but also by the apparently normal-appearing epithelia and their secretions in the vicinity of carcinomas, strongly suggesting a field effect phenomenon of carcinogenic agent(s). Identification of the marker in these secretions may have great potential in our strategies for mass screening for those cancers.
简单碳水化合物肿瘤标志物D-半乳糖-β-[1→3]-N-乙酰-D-半乳糖胺（Gal-GalNAc）可以通过连续的半乳糖氧化酶（GO）-席夫反应在组织或来自结直肠癌患者的直肠黏液样本中轻松鉴定出来。为了检验这种标志物和技术在识别其他器官的癌症和癌前病变中的实用性，我们评估了Gal-GalNAc在各种腺癌及其相应正常组织中的差异表达。通过GO-席夫序列测定的Gal-GalNAc的表达在来自81例乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、胃癌和子宫内膜癌的133个组织样本以及52例各自的正常对照中进行了检测。52例正常组织（除15例胃组织外）均未显示Gal-GalNAc的表达。相比之下，100%的乳腺癌（19/19）、卵巢癌（15/15）和胰腺癌（6/6），94.1%的胃癌（16/17）以及91.7%（11/12）的子宫腺癌表达Gal-GalNAc。Gal-GalNAc在癌组织中的表达大多强烈且广泛，分布于分泌型黏蛋白和细胞质黏蛋白滴中。与来自非癌个体的完全无反应的正常组织相比，乳腺癌、支气管、子宫内膜和胰管癌灶附近（“区域”内）的正常上皮及其分泌物也表达Gal-GalNAc。结论是，通过GO-席夫序列识别的肿瘤标志物Gal-GalNAc不仅在多种腺癌中高表达，而且在癌灶附近外观明显正常的上皮及其分泌物中也高表达强烈提示致癌剂的场效应现象。在这些分泌物中鉴定该标志物可能在我们针对那些癌症的大规模筛查策略中具有巨大潜力。
