Jacob P, Meckbach R, Paretzke H G, Likhtarev I, Los I, Kovgan L, Komarikov I
GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Institut für Strahlenschutz, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
Radiat Environ Biophys. 1994;33(3):251-67. doi: 10.1007/BF01212681.
Since the reactor accident of Chernobyl, cesium depth profiles and nuclide-specific kerma rates in air have been determined for various grassland sites in south Bavaria and in Ukraine. The sites are described by soil characteristics, annual precipitation, distance from release point, mode of deposition, and activity per unit area. The effects of surface roughness and migration of cesium into the soil on the kerma rate in air over grasslands was determined by two methods. The kerma rates in air obtained by the evaluations of in situ gamma-ray spectrometry results and of measured activity distributions in the soil showed only negligible differences for the observation period of 6 years after deposition. For the sites in Ukraine the kerma rate in air per activity per unit area was found to be systematically 40% higher than in Bavaria. The results from Bavaria on the attenuation of the kerma rate and a data set, including experiences from the weapons test fallout, are analytically approximated as a function of time up to 25 years after deposition.
自切尔诺贝利核反应堆事故以来，已测定了巴伐利亚南部和乌克兰不同草原地区空气中铯的深度分布以及特定核素的比释动能率。这些地区通过土壤特性、年降水量、与释放点的距离、沉积方式以及单位面积活度来描述。通过两种方法确定了地表粗糙度和铯向土壤迁移对草原上空空气中比释动能率的影响。在沉积后的6年观测期内，通过现场伽马射线能谱分析结果评估和土壤中测量的活度分布获得的空气中比释动能率仅显示出可忽略不计的差异。对于乌克兰的地区，发现单位面积活度的空气中比释动能率系统地比巴伐利亚高40%。巴伐利亚关于比释动能率衰减的结果以及一个包括武器试验沉降经验的数据集，被解析近似为沉积后长达25年的时间函数。
