Ansari M Z, Shope R E
Clifford Craig Medical Research Foundation, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
Public Health Rev. 1994;22(1-2):1-26.
To review the current state of knowledge regarding the epidemiology of arboviruses.
Computerized literature searches, identification of papers through review of article bibliographies, and Yale Arbovirus Research Unit, USA.
Articles documenting research pertaining to the epidemiology of arboviruses with emphasis on factors that increase or decrease the spread of these infections.
The review articles were extracted independently by the authors.
Arboviral infections are a global health problem accounting for significant morbidity and mortality in human and animal populations. They belong to the families Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, Reoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae, and are transmitted to humans and domestic animals by the bite of infected arthropods. Rodents and birds are significant vertebrate hosts, while humans are usually not involved in the maintenance and spread of most arboviruses. Ecologic changes and human behavior are important in the spread of these infections. Clinical features range from mild fevers to fatal encephalitis. Surveillance, immunization, and vector control are important methods of prevention.
It appears that the distribution and spread of arboviruses is greatly influenced by human behavior and ecologic changes in the environment. Awareness regarding these and other factors, such as travel history, history of bites of arthropods, concurrent epidemic pattern in the community, and knowledge of surveillance data are useful ways of identifying these infections. Future research may be directed toward methodical search for new arboviruses and their relation to human and animal disease.
回顾有关虫媒病毒流行病学的当前知识状况。
计算机文献检索、通过查阅文章参考文献识别论文，以及美国耶鲁虫媒病毒研究单位。
记录有关虫媒病毒流行病学研究的文章，重点关注增加或减少这些感染传播的因素。
综述文章由作者独立提取。
虫媒病毒感染是一个全球健康问题，在人类和动物群体中导致相当高的发病率和死亡率。它们属于披膜病毒科、黄病毒科、布尼亚病毒科、呼肠孤病毒科和弹状病毒科，通过受感染节肢动物的叮咬传播给人类和家畜。啮齿动物和鸟类是重要的脊椎动物宿主，而人类通常不参与大多数虫媒病毒的维持和传播。生态变化和人类行为在这些感染的传播中很重要。临床特征从轻度发热到致命性脑炎不等。监测、免疫接种和病媒控制是重要的预防方法。
虫媒病毒的分布和传播似乎受到人类行为和环境生态变化的极大影响。了解这些因素以及其他因素，如旅行史、节肢动物叮咬史、社区同时出现的流行模式以及监测数据知识，是识别这些感染的有用方法。未来的研究可能针对系统地寻找新的虫媒病毒及其与人类和动物疾病的关系。
