Litva A, Eyles J
Department of Geography, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Soc Sci Med. 1994 Oct;39(8):1083-91. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90380-8.
The purpose of this paper is to explore 'being healthy' and what it means to people living in a small Ontarian town. It begins by setting out different definitions of health, concluding that 'being healthy' may help in understanding how we see ourselves and others in the world. After briefly discussing the site and method of investigation, the paper runs to drawing the distinction between health and 'being healthy' empirically. It goes on to examine what respondents see as shaping healthiness, contrasting this with current determinants of health views. There follows discussion on how 'being healthy' is negotiated for the self and how it is viewed in others. 'Being healthy' is seen as a moral code that is vital for 'normal' societal membership. Individuals are seen as negotiating, through use of the 'sick role', the cause of their health status in order to maintain healthiness and their place-in-the-world. If cause is linked to individual behaviour, then the individual is seen as being at fault for his/her illness, is unhealthy and therefore deviant. The paper concludes by revising the conceptualization of health.
本文旨在探讨“保持健康”以及这对安大略省一个小镇居民意味着什么。文章开篇阐述了不同的健康定义，得出“保持健康”或许有助于理解我们如何看待自己以及他人在这个世界中的观点。在简要讨论调查地点和方法后，文章通过实证分析区分了健康与“保持健康”。接着，文章研究了受访者认为塑造健康的因素，并将其与当前关于健康决定因素的观点进行对比。随后讨论了个体如何为自身协商“保持健康”以及他人如何看待这一点。“保持健康”被视为一种道德准则，对于成为“正常”社会成员至关重要。个体被认为通过“患病角色”来协商自身健康状况的成因，以维持健康状态以及自己在世界中的位置。如果病因与个体行为相关，那么个体就会被视为因其疾病而有过错，是不健康的，因此是偏离常态的。文章最后对健康的概念进行了修正。
