Effect of squalestatin 1 on the biosynthesis of the mevalonate pathway lipids.

The effects of squalestatin 1 on rat brain and liver homogenates and on Chinese hamster ovary tissue culture cells have been investigated. This compound effectively inhibits squalene biosynthesis in a highly selective manner. Cytoplasmic farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthases are not affected, which is also the case for microsomal cis-prenyltransferase. In tissue culture cells, squalestatin 1 inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis completely, but does not alter dolichol synthesis or protein isoprenylation to a great extent. Incorporation of [3H]mevalonate into ubiquinone-9 and -10 increases 3-4-fold, probably as a result of increased synthesis of this lipid. Squalestatin 1 appears not only to be an effective inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis, but also to be more specific than other inhibitors used earlier in various in vitro and in vivo systems.