Gastrointestinal decontamination for acute poisoning by ingestion. Prevention of absorption of toxic compounds.

Gastrointestinal decontamination therapy in the patient with accidental or intentional ingestion of toxic substances has been standard therapy for several decades, although based on theory of presumed action and benefit. As scientific knowledge accumulates in this area of clinical toxicology, old assumptions are being challenged by scientific evidence relating to gastric emptying, efficacy of activated charcoal, and usefulness of whole-bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solutions. An overview is presented of the scientific data now available. Although realizing the still unresolved controversies, a logical plan is described for gastrointestinal decontamination following acute overdose.