Ulfarsson J, Robinson B E
Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine.
J Fla Med Assoc. 1994 Nov;81(11):763-7.
One of four persons over age 65 in the community falls; those over age 75 in institutions fall more frequently. Falls, a complex phenomena suggesting present disease and predicting future disability, are caused by interactions between the environment and dynamic balance which is determined by the quality of sensory input, central processing, and motor responses. Clinical factors which predispose to falling often produce observable disturbances in gait and balance, making observation critical in assessment. Acute illness and drug therapy produce particularly preventable falls. Therapeutic exercise and environmental modification for safety are the clinical interventions most likely to successfully prevent fall-related injury.
社区中每四名65岁以上的人就有一人跌倒；机构中75岁以上的人跌倒更为频繁。跌倒是一种复杂的现象，既提示当前疾病又预示未来残疾，它是由环境与动态平衡之间的相互作用引起的，而动态平衡由感觉输入、中枢处理和运动反应的质量决定。易导致跌倒的临床因素通常会在步态和平衡方面产生可观察到的紊乱，这使得观察在评估中至关重要。急性疾病和药物治疗会导致特别可预防的跌倒。为确保安全而进行的治疗性锻炼和环境改造是最有可能成功预防跌倒相关伤害的临床干预措施。
