Scheier M F, Carver C S, Bridges M W
Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1994 Dec;67(6):1063-78. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.67.6.1063.
Research on dispositional optimism as assessed by the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) has been challenged on the grounds that effects attributed to optimism are indistinguishable from those of unmeasured third variables, most notably, neuroticism. Data from 4,309 subjects show that associations between optimism and both depression and aspects of coping remain significant even when the effects of neuroticism, as well as the effects of trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem, are statistically controlled. Thus, the Life Orientation Test does appear to possess adequate predictive and discriminant validity. Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision. Thus, we also describe a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.
关于通过生活取向测试（谢伊尔和卡弗，1985年）评估的特质性乐观主义的研究受到了挑战，理由是归因于乐观主义的影响与未测量的第三变量（最显著的是神经质）的影响无法区分。来自4309名受试者的数据表明，即使在对神经质、特质焦虑、自我掌控和自尊的影响进行统计控制之后，乐观主义与抑郁及应对方式各方面之间的关联仍然显著。因此，生活取向测试似乎确实具有足够的预测效度和区分效度。然而，从稍有不同的角度对该量表进行审视，确实表明未来的应用可以从其修订中受益。因此，我们还描述了对生活取向测试的一项小修改，以及与修订后量表的心理测量特性相关的数据。
