Korsgaard S
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1976 Jul;54(1):17-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1976.tb00090.x.
A double-blind cross-over trial of the effects of baclofen and placebo was carried out in 20 female patients suffering from neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. After 14 days of treatment 15 patients showed improvement of baclofen, whereas none showed improvement on placebo; baclofen was thus significantly more effective than placebo. Baclofen is a GABA-like drug which passes through the blood-brain barrier and which reduces the neuroleptic-induced increase of dopamine turn-over. In tardive dyskinesia is found dopaminergic hypersensitivity, and baclofen is supposed to exert its action by inhibiting the dopamine activity. Side effects, although temporary, were observed in the form of sedation, muscular hypotonia, dizziness, vomiting, and muscular rigidity. One patient developed a depression. Baclofen or other gabergic drugs used in the treatment of dyskinesias do not increase the dopaminergic hypersensitivity, which is part of the pathogenesis of these conditions; gabergic therapy must therefore be preferred to treatment with dopamine receptor blocking drugs.
对20名患有抗精神病药物所致迟发性运动障碍的女性患者进行了一项关于巴氯芬和安慰剂效果的双盲交叉试验。治疗14天后，15名患者使用巴氯芬后病情改善，而使用安慰剂的患者无一改善；因此，巴氯芬比安慰剂显著更有效。巴氯芬是一种类似γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的药物，可穿过血脑屏障，并减少抗精神病药物引起的多巴胺周转增加。在迟发性运动障碍中发现存在多巴胺能超敏反应，推测巴氯芬通过抑制多巴胺活性发挥作用。观察到有副作用，尽管是暂时的，表现为镇静、肌张力减退、头晕、呕吐和肌肉僵硬。有一名患者出现了抑郁。用于治疗运动障碍的巴氯芬或其他GABA能药物不会增加多巴胺能超敏反应，而多巴胺能超敏反应是这些病症发病机制的一部分；因此，GABA能疗法比多巴胺受体阻断药物治疗更可取。
