Gerlach J, Rye T, Kristjansen P
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1978 Mar 1;56(2):145-51. doi: 10.1007/BF00431840.
Eighteen chronic psychiatric patients with neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia of 1/2-9 years duration participated in a double-blind crossover study on the effect and side effects of baclofen and placebo in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Each treatment phase lasted 3 weeks. Evaluation of the results included an assessment of video-tape recording. Baclofen (20-120 mg daily) reduced the hyperkinesias (median score from 5 to 3, P less than 0.05) and increased the parkinsonism (median score from 5 to 7, P less than 0.01). The effect on the oral movement pattern of tardive dyskinesia was characterized by a reduced frequency, an unchanged or slightly reduced amplitude, and an increased duration of each separate mouth opening and tongue protrusion, a response pattern very similar to the response pattern of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, an inhibitor of the catecholamine synthesis. Sediation, muscular weakness, and confusion were observed in 50% of the patients. These side effects, appearing mainly in elderly patients, sometimes set in before the anti-hyperkinetic effect, thus limiting the practical usefulness of baclofen in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.
18例患有由抗精神病药物引起的迟发性运动障碍、病程为半年至9年的慢性精神病患者参与了一项关于巴氯芬和安慰剂治疗迟发性运动障碍的疗效及副作用的双盲交叉研究。每个治疗阶段持续3周。结果评估包括对录像的评定。巴氯芬（每日20 - 120毫克）减少了运动亢进（中位数评分从5降至3，P小于0.05），并增加了帕金森综合征（中位数评分从5升至7，P小于0.01）。其对迟发性运动障碍口腔运动模式的影响表现为频率降低、幅度不变或略有降低，以及每次单独张口和伸舌的持续时间增加，这种反应模式与儿茶酚胺合成抑制剂α-甲基-对-酪氨酸的反应模式非常相似。50%的患者出现了镇静、肌肉无力和意识模糊。这些副作用主要出现在老年患者中，有时在抗运动亢进作用之前就出现，从而限制了巴氯芬在治疗迟发性运动障碍中的实际应用价值。
