Balch P, Solomon R
Am J Community Psychol. 1976 Jun;4(2):167-79. doi: 10.1007/BF00881939.
Paraprofessionals are increasingly being employed in the mental health field. While much interest has focused on their roles and functioning, little systematic attention has been devoted to an examination of training practices. Because a particularly compatible relationship may exist between paraprofessionals and the behavioral model of intervention, this review focuses on the training and use of paraprofessionals as behavior modifiers. Paraprofessional populations reviewed include psychiatric aides and nurses, college students, inpatients, and community and indigenous workers. The review concludes that a strong case can be made for the administrative feasibility of training and utilizing diverse groups of paraprofessionals as behavior modifiers. The lack of consistent, solid outcome evidence prohibits a conclusion relative to the effectiveness of these paraprofessionals at this point in time. Numerous researchable questions concerning the effectiveness of various forms of training with paraprofessionals, optimal length of training for various purposes, training resistances, etc., are unanswered. Beyond this, a serious lack of communication of the basic process of training is revealed, and the perhpas questionable roles paraprofessionals are being trained for is discussed.
辅助专业人员在心理健康领域的应用越来越广泛。尽管人们对他们的角色和职能极为关注，但对培训实践的系统研究却很少。由于辅助专业人员与行为干预模式之间可能存在特别契合的关系，本综述聚焦于将辅助专业人员作为行为矫正者的培训与使用。所审查的辅助专业人员群体包括精神病护理员和护士、大学生、住院患者以及社区和本土工作人员。该综述得出结论，有充分理由证明培训和利用不同群体的辅助专业人员作为行为矫正者在行政上是可行的。目前缺乏一致、确凿的结果证据，因此无法就这些辅助专业人员的有效性得出结论。关于对辅助专业人员进行各种形式培训的有效性、不同目的的最佳培训时长、培训阻力等诸多可研究的问题尚无答案。除此之外，还揭示出培训基本过程的严重沟通不足，并对辅助专业人员正在接受培训的可能存疑的角色进行了讨论。
