The use of medicinal leeches, Hirudo medicinalis, to restore venous circulation in trauma and reconstructive microsurgery.

Following replantation of complete or incomplete nonviable amputations of digits and hands, as well as microsurgical free tissue transfer, there is often a critical need for adjuvant therapy in order to restore sufficient venous drainage. In 24 out of 29 patients, venous insufficiency was successfully treated with the use of medicinal leeches. In a group of patients who had undergone replantation procedures (11 patients total), 9 patients (8 with digit and 1 with hand amputations) had venous drainage successfully restored with medicinal leeches, while in a group of patients who had free tissue transfers (18 patients total), 15 had the venous congestion treated successfully with leeches. The results indicate that medicinal leeches are a valuable, alternative method for the treatment of venous congestion in both replantation patients and those who have undergone free tissue transfer.