Mook D M, Neuringer A
Department of Psychology, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202.
Physiol Behav. 1994 Nov;56(5):939-44. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90327-1.
The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) may serve as an animal model of human attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We compared performances of SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive controls rats (WKY) in two experiments. When rewarded for varying sequences of responses across two manipulanda, the SHRs were more likely to vary than the WKYs. On the other hand, when rewarded for repetitions of a small number of sequences, the WKYs were more likely to learn to repeat. Both of these results confirm previous findings. Injecting 0.75 mg/kg d-amphetamine facilitated learning by SHRs to repeat the required sequences, with amphetamine-injected SHRs learning as rapidly as saline-injected, control WKYs. On the other hand, amphetamine tended to increase variability in both strains when high levels of variations were required for reward, and to decrease it in both strains when low levels of variability were required. Thus, amphetamine may have different effects on reinforced repetitions vs. reinforced variations.
自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）可作为人类注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的动物模型。我们在两个实验中比较了SHR和Wistar-Kyoto正常血压对照大鼠（WKY）的表现。当对跨越两个操作装置的不同反应序列给予奖励时，SHR比WKY更有可能做出不同反应。另一方面，当对少量序列的重复给予奖励时，WKY更有可能学会重复。这两个结果都证实了先前的发现。注射0.75mg/kg的d-苯丙胺促进了SHR学习重复所需序列，注射苯丙胺的SHR学习速度与注射生理盐水的对照WKY一样快。另一方面，当奖励需要高水平的变异性时，苯丙胺倾向于增加两个品系的变异性，而当需要低水平的变异性时，苯丙胺倾向于降低两个品系的变异性。因此，苯丙胺对强化重复与强化变异可能有不同的影响。
