Mirakhur R K
Department of Anaesthetics, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
Yale J Biol Med. 1993 Sep-Oct;66(5):463-71.
Anesthesiologists perceive that the ideal muscle relaxant is not yet available, particularly the nondepolarizing one with a rapid onset and a short duration of action. There is also a need for relaxants with different durations of action but which would be free from side effects. During the process of this development several new compounds have been tested and four have reached an advanced state of study; three of these, doxacurium, pipecuronium, and mivacurium are already licensed and rocuronium is likely to be licensed in the near future. Doxacurium and pipecuronium are slow onset and long duration of action compounds but singularly free from cardiovascular side effects. Mivacurium has an onset comparable to that of atracurium and vecuronium but with a duration of action which is intermediate in duration between these drugs and succinylcholine. Rocuronium is a drug with a fast onset of action capable of being used in place of succinylcholine but with a duration of action which is similar to that of vecuronium.
麻醉医生认为，理想的肌肉松弛剂尚未出现，尤其是起效快、作用时间短的非去极化型肌肉松弛剂。还需要作用时间不同但无副作用的松弛剂。在这一研发过程中，几种新化合物已进行了测试，其中四种已进入深入研究阶段；其中三种，多库氯铵、哌库溴铵和米库氯铵已获许可，罗库溴铵可能在不久的将来获得许可。多库氯铵和哌库溴铵是起效慢、作用时间长的化合物，但完全没有心血管副作用。米库氯铵的起效时间与阿曲库铵和维库溴铵相当，但其作用持续时间介于这两种药物和琥珀胆碱之间。罗库溴铵是一种起效迅速的药物，能够替代琥珀胆碱使用，但其作用持续时间与维库溴铵相似。
