Miller G D, Hrupka B J, Gietzen D W, Rogers Q R, Stern J S
Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis 95616.
Appetite. 1994 Aug;23(1):67-78. doi: 10.1006/appe.1994.1035.
Computerized meal pattern analysis was performed on female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10). Rats were housed for 14 days in cages adapted for macronutrient selection. Rats selected their diet from vitamin and mineral supplemented, semipurified sources of carbohydrate, fat and protein, in three individual food cups. For analysis of meal patterns, minimum meal size was > 50 mg, and mean minimum intermeal interval was 7.9 min. Daily energy intake averaged 289.0 kJ, with 75% occurring during the dark cycle. Energy intake was 28% carbohydrate, 50% fat and 22% protein. Of 12.3 daily meals, 56% were from one, 35% from two, and only 9% of the meals were from three food cups. Seventy percent of the time carbohydrate was the first meal of the dark cycle. The average number of meals per day eaten from carbohydrate, fat, and protein were not significantly different (6.9, 6.2 and 5.6, respectively, p > 0.05). Energy intake for a meal was greatest when fat was eaten (18.35 kJ), than when either carbohydrate (8.68 kJ) or protein (8.97 kJ) was eaten. Meal duration was 7.03 min for carbohydrate, 3.75 min for fat, and 7.47 min for protein. These results provide evidence that rats on a macronutrient self-selection diet eat most meals from a single macronutrient source.
对10只雌性斯普拉格-道利大鼠进行了计算机化饮食模式分析。大鼠被安置在适合选择常量营养素的笼子里14天。大鼠从补充了维生素和矿物质的半纯化碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质来源中，在三个单独的食物杯中选择它们的饮食。为了分析饮食模式，最小进餐量>50毫克，平均最小进餐间隔为7.9分钟。每日能量摄入量平均为289.0千焦，其中75%发生在黑暗周期。能量摄入中碳水化合物占28%，脂肪占50%，蛋白质占22%。在每天12.3次进餐中，56%来自一个食物杯，35%来自两个食物杯，只有9%的进餐来自三个食物杯。70%的情况下，碳水化合物是黑暗周期的第一餐。从碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质中每天摄入的平均餐数没有显著差异（分别为6.9、6.2和5.6，p>0.05）。进食脂肪时一餐的能量摄入量最大（18.35千焦），高于进食碳水化合物（8.68千焦）或蛋白质（8.97千焦）时。碳水化合物的进餐持续时间为7.03分钟，脂肪为3.75分钟，蛋白质为7.47分钟。这些结果提供了证据，表明采用常量营养素自选饮食的大鼠，大多数餐食来自单一常量营养素来源。
