Academic health centers and HMOs: a systems perspective on collaboration in training generalists physicians and advancing mutual interests.

Academic health centers (AHCs) and health maintenance organizations (HMOs) often hold each other at arm's length because of fundamental organizational differences. AHCs view HMOs as too intrusive in the clinical management of patients and too concerned with the financial bottom line. HMOs view AHCs as organizationally fragmented and expensive in providing health care services. AHCs must expand their primary care networks and reassess their mission and public accountability in training a more balanced physician workforce. HMOs are growing rapidly and need well-trained generalist physicians to support that growth. This paper uses an organizational systems model in examining AHCs and HMOs to identify common needs, mutual interests, areas for potential collaboration, and bridging strategies. These include health care systems development, professional education, information management systems, and health services research. As the financing and delivery of health care continue to change and to become more integrated, both organizations have much to gain from collaboration.