Jacober A, Hasenfratz M, Bättig K
Behavioral Biology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Schwerzenbach.
Chronobiol Int. 1994 Oct;11(5):320-31. doi: 10.3109/07420529409057248.
In a field study, heart rate and motor activity were assessed continuously in 12 male smokers during 2 smoking and 2 abstinence days and in 12 male nonsmokers during 4 days. A circadian analysis revealed earlier activity acrophases in smokers than nonsmokers and earlier heart rate acrophases in abstinent than smoking smokers. Furthermore, heart rate acrophases of smoking smokers significantly anticipated activity acrophases, whereas in abstinent smokers and nonsmokers the two parameters oscillated in phase. With the use, in smoking smokers, of the individual average smoking interval as a hypothetical ultradian period length, significant periodicities were found for heart rates in 16 and for activity in 15 of 24 observation days. These rhythms were nicotine independent and based on heart rate and activity increases prior to lighting up the cigarettes. Individual frequency spectra for the 16 h after getting up and the 7 h after going to bed did not reveal single dominant frequencies but rather complex frequency distributions. Power spectra of the daytime data revealed no group differences for activity and no heart rate differences between smoking smokers and nonsmokers. In abstinent smokers, however, a significant reduction of heart rate frequencies slower than 1 cycle/135 min and a significant increase of heart rate frequencies faster than 1 cycle/20 min were observed as compared with all other groups. This effect persisted over the 2 abstinence days, suggesting an activity-independent change in the frequency distribution of heart rates after quitting smoking.
在一项现场研究中，对12名男性吸烟者在2个吸烟日和2个戒烟日期间以及12名男性不吸烟者在4天内的心率和运动活动进行了连续评估。昼夜节律分析显示，吸烟者的活动高峰相位比不吸烟者更早，戒烟者的心率高峰相位比吸烟者更早。此外，吸烟吸烟者的心率高峰相位显著早于活动高峰相位，而在戒烟者和不吸烟者中，这两个参数呈同相振荡。在吸烟吸烟者中，将个体平均吸烟间隔作为假设的超日周期长度，在24个观察日中的16个观察日发现心率有显著周期性，15个观察日发现活动有显著周期性。这些节律与尼古丁无关，是基于点燃香烟前心率和活动的增加。起床后16小时和睡觉后7小时的个体频谱未显示单一主导频率，而是呈现复杂的频率分布。白天数据的功率谱显示，活动方面没有组间差异，吸烟吸烟者和不吸烟者之间心率也没有差异。然而，与所有其他组相比，戒烟者中低于1周期/135分钟的心率频率显著降低，高于1周期/20分钟的心率频率显著增加。这种效应在2个戒烟日中持续存在，表明戒烟后心率频率分布发生了与活动无关的变化。
