Klein R, Klein B E, Moss S E, Cruickshanks K J
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison.
Ophthalmology. 1995 Jan;102(1):7-16. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(95)31052-4.
As part of a population-based study of diabetes mellitus, the incidence of macular edema over a 10-year period and its relation to various risk factors are examined.
There were 891 younger-onset people with a diagnosis of having had diabetes before 30 years of age who were taking insulin at baseline examination and 987 older-onset people with a diagnosis of having had diabetes at 30 years of age or older who participated in baseline and 4-year examinations. Of these, 765 younger-onset and 533 older-onset people also participated in a 10-year examination. The presence of macular edema at baseline and follow-up examinations was determined from gradings of stereoscopic fundus photographs.
The incidence of macular edema over the 10-year period was 20.1% in the younger-onset group, 25.4% in the older-onset group taking insulin, and 13.9% in the older-onset group not taking insulin. The incidence of macular edema over the 10-year period was associated with higher levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and more severe retinopathy in both younger- and older-onset groups, and with being female and increased diastolic blood pressure in the older-onset group.
These data suggest a relatively high incidence of macular edema. The authors' data also suggest that a reduction in hyperglycemia may result in a beneficial decrease in the incidence of macular edema.
作为一项基于人群的糖尿病研究的一部分，对10年间黄斑水肿的发病率及其与各种危险因素的关系进行了研究。
共有891名在30岁之前被诊断患有糖尿病且在基线检查时使用胰岛素的早发型患者，以及987名在30岁及以上被诊断患有糖尿病且参加了基线检查和4年检查的晚发型患者。其中，765名早发型患者和533名晚发型患者还参加了10年检查。通过立体眼底照片分级确定基线和随访检查时黄斑水肿的情况。
在10年期间，早发型组黄斑水肿的发病率为20.1%，使用胰岛素的晚发型组为25.4%，未使用胰岛素的晚发型组为13.9%。在早发型和晚发型组中，10年期间黄斑水肿的发病率均与糖化血红蛋白水平较高和视网膜病变较严重有关，在晚发型组中还与女性以及舒张压升高有关。
这些数据表明黄斑水肿的发病率相对较高。作者的数据还表明，高血糖的降低可能会使黄斑水肿的发病率有益下降。
