Mehta J L
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0277.
Am Heart J. 1995 Feb;129(2):382-91. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(95)90021-7.
Recent investigations have suggested that the vascular endothelium is an active participant in the regulation of arterial tone and blood flow. In a state of health, the endothelium contributes to hemodynamic equilibrium; however, it rapidly becomes dysfunctional in hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus or with exposure to the stress of hypertension or long-term smoking. Among the deficits observed during endothelial dysfunction is a reduction in the synthesis and release or an excessive degradation of EDRF. This potent vasorelaxant is derived from the amino acid L-arginine and has been characterized as NO or a closely related substance. EDRF relaxes vascular smooth muscle by activating guanylate cyclase. A deficiency in the activity of EDRF may be the mechanism of diminished coronary vasodilation in patients with ischemic heart disease. Organic nitrates, which are metabolized to NO or S-nitrosothiol at the cellular level, are often used in the management of myocardial ischemia; they also induce vasodilation by activating guanylate cyclase. The similarities between organic nitrates and endogenous EDRF and their interactions are discussed in this review.
最近的研究表明，血管内皮是动脉张力和血流调节的积极参与者。在健康状态下，内皮有助于血液动力学平衡；然而，在高胆固醇血症、糖尿病或暴露于高血压应激或长期吸烟的情况下，它会迅速功能失调。在内皮功能障碍期间观察到的缺陷之一是内皮舒张因子（EDRF）合成和释放减少或过度降解。这种强效血管舒张剂源自氨基酸L-精氨酸，已被鉴定为一氧化氮（NO）或密切相关的物质。EDRF通过激活鸟苷酸环化酶使血管平滑肌舒张。EDRF活性不足可能是缺血性心脏病患者冠状动脉舒张功能减弱的机制。有机硝酸盐在细胞水平上代谢为NO或S-亚硝基硫醇，常用于治疗心肌缺血；它们也通过激活鸟苷酸环化酶诱导血管舒张。本文综述了有机硝酸盐与内源性EDRF之间的相似性及其相互作用。
