Hoff R, McNamara J, Fowler M, McCauley M
Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1994 Aug;400:73-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13340.x.
The magnitude of HIV pandemic has made the development of HIV vaccines an urgent biomedical research priority. Although the biologic problems in designing a vaccine for a chronic viral infection like HIV are formidable, there has been encouraging progress. More than a dozen first generation prophylactic HIV vaccine candidates have completed phase I human trials that have established the safety and immunogenicity of these products in adults. A phase II trial of two HIV subunit envelope vaccines in adults at high risk of HIV infection is underway in the United States, and preparations for phase III efficacy trials have begun. Preliminary studies are under way to evaluate the potential application of active and passive immunization for preventing vertical transmission of HIV. Because of the higher rate of HIV transmission and a more abbreviated time course to disease, it may be more efficient to evaluate the efficacy of HIV vaccines in HIV infected pregnant women and their offspring than in adults who are exposed sexually to HIV.
艾滋病大流行的规模使艾滋病疫苗的研发成为生物医学研究的当务之急。尽管为像艾滋病这样的慢性病毒感染设计疫苗存在巨大的生物学难题，但仍取得了令人鼓舞的进展。十多种第一代预防性艾滋病疫苗候选产品已完成I期人体试验，证实了这些产品在成年人中的安全性和免疫原性。美国正在对两种艾滋病亚单位包膜疫苗进行针对高感染风险成年人的II期试验，并且已经开始进行III期疗效试验的准备工作。正在进行初步研究，以评估主动免疫和被动免疫在预防艾滋病垂直传播方面的潜在应用。由于艾滋病传播率较高且发病病程较短，在感染艾滋病的孕妇及其后代中评估艾滋病疫苗的疗效可能比在性接触感染艾滋病的成年人中评估更为有效。
