Ship J A, Crow H C
Department of Oral Medicine, Pathology, Surgery, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor.
Drugs Aging. 1994 Nov;5(5):346-57. doi: 10.2165/00002512-199405050-00004.
Periodontal diseases are among the most prevalent conditions in adults, and afflict many individuals of all ages. They refer to a cluster of inflammatory conditions of the periodontium, the tissues that surround the teeth. Ultimately, periodontal diseases cause the loss of alveolar bone support and may lead to tooth loss. The clinical presentation of periodontal diseases is primarily independent of the age of a person, and successful diagnosis and treatment can be achieved in both young and old individuals. These diseases primarily include gingivitis, periodontitis and oral vesiculobullous diseases of the gingival tissues. Multiple oral, systemic and behavioural factors contribute to the occurrence and progression of these conditions. Appropriate treatment requires accurate diagnosis and the use of oral nonsurgical and surgical techniques, topical and systemic medications and an emphasis on self-applied oral hygiene practices.
牙周疾病是成年人中最常见的病症之一，影响着各个年龄段的许多人。它们指的是牙周组织（围绕牙齿的组织）的一系列炎症性病症。最终，牙周疾病会导致牙槽骨支持组织丧失，并可能导致牙齿脱落。牙周疾病的临床表现主要与患者年龄无关，无论年轻或年老个体都能实现成功的诊断和治疗。这些疾病主要包括牙龈炎、牙周炎以及牙龈组织的口腔水疱大疱性疾病。多种口腔、全身和行为因素会导致这些病症的发生和发展。适当的治疗需要准确的诊断，运用口腔非手术和手术技术、局部和全身用药，并强调自我实施的口腔卫生措施。
