Rippey S R
Northeast Seafood Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration, Davisville, Rhode Island 02852.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 1994 Oct;7(4):419-25. doi: 10.1128/CMR.7.4.419.
A history of shellfish-vectored illnesses (i.e., those associated with consumption of clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops) occurring in the past nine decades is presented. Typhoid fever was a significant public health problem among consumers of raw molluscan shellfish earlier in this century. The development of more effective sewage treatment procedures and the institution of a national program following these outbreaks led to a series of measures which eventually eliminated shellfish-associated typhoid fever. Present-day problems associated with this food source still involve some wastewaterborne bacterial illnesses. However, the principal public health concerns are with wastewater-derived viral pathogens and with bacterial agents of an environmental origin. The nature, occurrence, and magnitude of these public health problems are described.
本文介绍了过去九十年来与贝类传播疾病（即与食用蛤蜊、牡蛎、贻贝和扇贝相关的疾病）有关的历史。伤寒热在本世纪初是食用生软体贝类消费者中的一个重大公共卫生问题。在这些疫情爆发后，更有效的污水处理程序的发展以及国家计划的实施导致了一系列措施，最终消除了与贝类相关的伤寒热。与这种食物来源相关的当今问题仍然涉及一些由废水传播的细菌性疾病。然而，主要的公共卫生问题是与源自废水的病毒病原体以及环境来源的细菌病原体有关。描述了这些公共卫生问题的性质、发生情况和严重程度。
